KCSE 1995 to 1999 Marking Scheme

The files below contain KCSE marking scheme from the year 1995 to 1999. Download the marking scheme for free by clicking on the links below:

Sample KCSE 1995 Biology Paper 1 HTML marking scheme

They produce, they grow

Respond to stimuli/ irritability

Protein synthesis – Ribosomes

Transport of cell secretions – Endoplasmic reticulum

Food Spoilage

Poisoning / cause disease

Water in RBC moves out by osmosis and the RBC shrinks
Provide energy required for splitting water molecules/ photosynthesis.
A – Scrus – acc. Sori

B- Rhizome

Nitrogen

Making cell walls

Magnesium / mg

Evidence does not support Larmacks theory

Acquired characteristics are not inherited characteristics are found in reproductive cells only

Sickle cell anaemia ( Rej. Bleeders disease)

SECTION B

(a) K-Enzymes/ Sucrose/ Invertase/ Saccharise

L- Inhibitor Acceptance any example e.g. any acid

(b) – Addition of sucrose/ substrate

– Optimum/ suitable/ correct / right pH

– Removal of products

– Acc. L made the medium acidic; unsuitable for K

– L occupies active sites

(a) A – Epidermis

B – Pith

(b) C – Transport manufactured food / translation; Rej. Digested food

D – Produces new cells/ divides to give new cells. Accept secondary

Thickening/ growth/ produces phloem & xylem.

E- transport minerals salts/ minerals/ salts alone

– Xylem in central/ Star shaped
- Phloem in arms of xylem
- Root hairs present in root / has pilferous layer
- No pith in root

(a) To absorb CO; reacts with CO₂

(b) To provide moisture to generating seeds. Accept water for moisture

(ii Oxygen in the tube is taken up for germination CO absorbed by higher pressure outside tube

(a) – Green plants – Grasshoppers – Lizards – snakes

Green plants – Grasshoppers – Lizards – Cats
Green plants – Mice – Snakes – Hawkers
Green plants – Mice – Snakes – cats

(b) – Mice

(d) (i) Most plants will die / dry

(ii) (same) organisms may starve to death

(iii) (same) organisms may migrate

(a) (i) P – will tend/ grow towards light

Q – will remain straight/ little/ no growth

R – will remain/ grow straight / Acc. Grow upwards

(ii) P – Growth substances or hormones/ auxins/IAA are produced by the stem tip. They move downwards and get disturbed to the side away from the side of light. Where they cause more rapid growth/ cell division/ elongation ( that results in bonding)

The source of auxin has been removed and the auxins are not affected by light because the era has been covered.

Tip will bend towards the light
All the seedlings will grow upwards.

SECTION C

(a) – Sigmoid of the curve shown

(b) – 92 acc. 93

5 (mins)
(i) A to B Lag phase / slow growth phase

(ii) B to C Exponential /log/rapid growth phase

Slow/ reduced growth due to limiting environmental factors ( Accept any example) rate of multiplication is almost the same as the death rate, Acc: few cells are still diving Rej. Growth for multiplication but acc. Reproduction.
– Low death rate/ low mortality;
- Decrease in death rate/ reduced death rate
- High birth rate/ high fertility acc. Increased birth rate
- Improved medical services: Acc. Increased medical facilities
- Enough food/ availability of food
- Absence of war/ political stability/ peace
- Improved standard of living
Measure the total area of the habitat, throw or mark out the quardrat in the area for the study; at random. Identify label the various species of the plants in the quardrat; count plants of each species; record the numbers, repeat the process (owtte) work out the average per quardrat for each species in the area/ calculate the population for the total area in Nairobi.

(a) (i) Large; brightly coloured corolla/ inflorescence/ florets/ bracts to attract

Insect

(ii) Scented to attract insects

(iii) Have nectary guides/ nectarines/ that directs insects/ secret nectar to

attract insects.

(iv) Pollen grains rough/ spikey/ sticky/ surface; to stick on insects body

(v) Special shaped corolla tube; to enable insects to land

(vi) Anthers are situated inside the flowers to ensure that they are in

contact with the insect

(vii) Sticky stigma; for pollen to stick or to adhere

(b) (i) Oestrogen

Repair/ heal endometrium/ wall of uterus; which is destroyed in menstruation

(ii) Progesterone

Stimulates the thickening of the uterus; increases the blood supply to the endometrium. Inhibits the production of follicle stimulating Hormone.

(iii) Luteinising hormone

Responsible for maturation of the graafian follicles/ causes ovulation/ stimulates corpus luteum; to secrete progesterone.

(i) Mammalian Kidney

Blood reaches the kidney from the renal/ renal artery enters the kidney; then branches into capillaries/ glomeruli/ in the Bowmna’s capsule, blood vessels leaving the capsule/ efferent are those entering it/ afferent causing high pressure to develop in the glomeruli. This forces the plasma/ causes ultra filtration into the capsule. The filtrate contains waste products (acc. One example) The filtrate moves into the proximal/ first convolulated tubule; where selective reabsorption of glucose amino acids, some water and vitamins take through the loop of henle; excretory products/ urea, excess water and salts acc, one example) pass into the distal tubule, where the remaining useful substance (acc. One example e.g salts and water) are reabsorbed; The filtrate passes into the collecting tubule; where more reabsorption of water takes place: Excess water, urea and salts ( all three must appear)/Urine are removed through the ureter.

(ii) Green plants

CO₂ / O₂ /H₂O diffuse through the stomata lentils/ hydrathods some toxic wastes are converted into non – toxic substances; these are deposited in certain tissues of the plant/ stored in ageing structures. Resins/ tannins – are exuded though the bark of the stem; or lost during leaf fall.

BIOLOGY PAPER 231/1 K.C.S.E 1996

MARKING SCHEME

– Controls/regulates/ enzymes/ synthesis is the material for

inheritance

– Sexual transmitted

– Blood transfusion

– Sharing needle/syringes/ razors

After vigorous activity when blood fall below normal
scurvy
Arthropoda
Capable of interbreeding; to produce viable offsprings
(a) To split water/ Photosynthesis/hydrous

(b) Glucose/carbohydrate/ starch/ sugar.

Store chemical salts/sugar/blood/; maintain shape of cell. Osmotic gradient the bring about movement of water.
Presence of special structure that attract agent of pollination protandry; protogency; monoecism; self – sterility.
(a) O₂ is necessary for germination

(b) Germination in B; no fermentation

Gametes form new offspring
To increase the chances of fertilization and survival of species

SECTION B

(a) Drive out oxygen / air

(b)Avoid killing yeast cells/ denaturing enzymes in yeast

Suspension

(d) Limewater turns milky

(e) Used boiled yeast on glucose

CO₂ diffuses into tracheoles follows the trachea; not through spiracles

Stomata pores / stomata; cuticle

Acc. Lenticels.

(a) 374 x 400

(b) – There was even distribution of crabs

– No movement in and out of regions; no migration

– There was random distribution of errors after the first capture.

(a) – Phototropism

(b) Auxins / hormones; move diffuse to the demised/ away from the light side; causing elongation/ growth on the dark sides hence bending

(a) Anaemia/ low blood volume/ loss of iron/ low red blood cells/ low

haemoglobin; leading to low oxygen; loss of nutrients and dehydrations.

(b) Blood clotting

Parents Bb x Bb

1996 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A:

a) Two features resulting from extrusive volcanic activity

Composite volcano Lava plateau/lava plains/tuff plateau

Caldera/crater Ash and cinder cones

Spine/volcanic plugs Hot spring (any 2 x 1 =2 mks)

b) Four ways in which volcanicity has influenced human activities in Kenya
i) The Volcanic rocks of the Kenya highlands have been weathered to produce fertile soil for agriculture.
ii) Landforms resulting from activity are tourist attraction /scenic beauty e.g Mt Kenya.

iii) Trachyte and phonolites/volcanic rocks are used for building

iv) steams jets/gerious at Olkaria are used for generating geothermal power.
v) Gases associated with volcanic activities are mined in Kenyag CO2 at Kereita and at Esageri in Baringo
vi) steep slopes formed through volcanic activity discourages settlement/farming/development of transport. (4mks)
The block diagram below represents part of the earth’s crust which has been subjected to tensional forces.
a) (i) The slope marked A-Heave/Escarpment

(ii) The angle marked B-hade (2mks)

b) Three ways in which faulting can influence drainage system

- - Vertical faulting across a river may cause waterfall
  - Rift faulting in an enclosed area may lead to formation of a lake if rivers drain into the basin/inland drainage
  - Some rivers flow along fault lines/fault guided drainage
  - Uplifting of landscape which leads to faulting may cause rivers to their direction of flow. (Any 2×1= 2mks)

3 a) What is an isobar?

- - It is an imaginary line connecting places with the same air pressure.
  - It is a line an a map connecting places with the same atmospheric pressure. (2mks)

b) Four characteristics of Modified equatorial climate (Lake V. Basic)

Rainfall throughout the year
Rainfall total between 1000mm-1600mm/heavy/high/high rainfall
Rainfalls mainly in the afternoons
Rain is accompanied by thunder
Temperature range between 200-60c/moderate a temperatures
There is high humidity
Double maximum rainfall (any 4×1=4 mks)

3 c) Convectional type of rainfall

Small annual range of temperature (only if the answer on rainfall

award marks)

4.a) If the local time in Nairobi at longitude 37o E is 10.00a.m. What will the

time be at Buchanan in Liberia at longitude 10^oW

1^o = 4 Mins

47^o x 4 = 188 mins = 3hrs 8 mins

Buchanani is 3 hrs. 8 mins behind Nairobi its time will be 6.52 am (2mks)

b) The effect of the international date line on time

On crossing this longitude while going to west, a day is lost while

a day is gained while crossing to the East. (2mks)

a) Three examples of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks

– Sandstone – Clay stone, siltstone -shale -Mudstone

b) Changes that occur in sedimentary rocks when they are subjected

to intense heat and pressure.

New Minerals are formed
Minerals recrystallize further
Rock particles become compacted
The physical appearance of the rock changes
Metamorphism without any details(Any 2x 1 = 2 marks)

SECTION B:

Study the map of Ithanga (1:50,000 Sheet 135/4) provided and answer

the following questions.

a) i) The six – figured grid reference for the trigonometrical station

to the south – east of the area covered by the map – 300906 (1mk)

ii) The bearing of the school at Kamwiendei village from the

church at Riakanau? 029^o + 1o (022 – 030^o) (2mks)Accept this

iii) The length of the dry weather road (E 625 ), from the

junction at karaba shops to where it ends at Riakanau

village in kms.

– 10.7 km + 0.1 km (10c- – 10.8) (2mks)

iv) The area of Tebere B in the northern part of the map.

-13.5 ± 1 km² (1.25 – 14.5 ) km² (2 mks)

b) Student from one of the schools in the area covered by the map

carried out a field study on the physical features and economic

activities found in the area.

i) Two types of natural vegetation they are likely to

have identification.

– Scrub – Scattered trees -Woodland

ii) Citing evidence from the map, name three economic

activities the students are likely to have identified during

their study.(3mks)

Activity: Evidence

Agriculture / farming Sisal estate / coffee plantation / coffee factory

Commerce / trading Shop / markets

Mining / quarrying Processing

Posho mills / coffee factory Transportation

Roads / ferry * No evidence no marks Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks

(iii) Citing evidence from the map, name two methods the students are likely

to have used to cross River Tana.

Method Evidence

Ferries Ferries

Barrage Merila river Barrage

Bridge points New Tana Bridge

* No evidence no marks Any 2 x 1 = (2 mks)

River Tana and its tributaries from the main drainage system in the area
The area has numerous, permanent, surface streams/ rivers
Most parts of the area covered by the map are well drained
There are some seasonal swamps found mainly along the valley of river Tana.
The main drainage pattern is dendritic with radia pattern noticeable in the South East.
There are man – made water features including dams water troughs and in the area covered by the map (4 x 1 = 4 Mks)

* If you get a specific point find the evidence from the river.

(d) The distribution of settlement in the area covered by the map is as follows: