State two laboratory rules that should be followed to avoid contamination and wastage of chemicals. (2 marks)
- (a) Give one reason some of the laboratory apparatus are made of ceramics.
(1 mark)
(b) Name two apparatus that can be used to measure approximately 75 cm3 of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid. (2 marks)
The above set-up was used to determine the chemical properties of carbon (II) oxide.
(b) Name the catalyst which could be used to increase the reaction rate of production
of hydrogen gas in the set up drawn above. (1 mark)
- An element consists of two isotopes with atomic masses 59 and 61 in the ratio of 3 : 2 respectively.
(a) What are isotopes? (1 mark)
- An element:
(a) To which chemical family does it belong? (1 mark)
- The diagram below shows the radiations emitted by a radioactive sample.
Name the radiations; (3 marks)
P -
M -
N -
- Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethanol given the enthalpies of;
combustion of ethanol = -1369 kJ/mole
combustion of carbon = -394kJ/mole
combustion of hydrogen = -286kJ/mole
(3 marks)
- (a) State what is observed when sodium hydroxide pellets are left in air overnight.
(1 mark)
(b) What name is given the process shown by the salt in (a) above? (1 mark)
- Identify;
Solid F - (1 mark)
Solid J - (1 mark)
- Write equation for step 1. (1 mark)